Office of Systems Engineering & Infrastructure Operations

Mikatsu Technical Infrastructure & Systems Architecture Report

Report Date: August 17, 2025
Classification: Engineering Overview

1.0 Executive Summary

This document provides a detailed technical overview of the Mikatsu hosting infrastructure, a multi-tenant architecture designed for high-performance, security, and operational efficiency. The architecture is built upon three core pillars: a strategic partnership with a premier Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) provider, Interxion: A Digital Realty Company, for all physical data center facilities; a commitment to sustainable and efficient operations (Green Hosting); and a standardized service delivery framework leveraging SitePad for rapid, scalable website deployment.

The resulting platform is an optimized solution for delivering managed web services at scale. It combines the resilience and global reach of a Tier III+ data center network with a finely tuned software stack, designed to minimize server-side processing overhead and maximize resource utilization. This report will dissect each layer of the infrastructure, from the physical facilities to the application delivery stack.

2.0 Physical Infrastructure: Interxion/Digital Realty Data Centers

Mikatsu's entire physical footprint is co-located within Interxion/Digital Realty facilities. This strategic decision abstracts the physical layer management (power, cooling, security, connectivity) to a specialized global leader, allowing Mikatsu to focus on its service and software layers.

Subsystem Specification	Technical Implementation & Engineering Benefits
Power Redundancy	2N Fully Redundant Power Architecture. Each server rack is fed by two independent A/B power distribution units (PDUs), which are connected to separate UPS systems, switchgear, and utility feeds. The UPS systems are double-conversion online models ensuring zero transfer time. In case of a utility failure, N+1 configured diesel generators with priority refueling contracts can sustain the full data center load indefinitely. This design meets or exceeds Tier III+ uptime standards.
Physical Security	Multi-Layered, Zero-Trust Security Model. The perimeter is secured with anti-climb fencing and IR motion detection. Access requires passing through a 24/7 manned security operations center (SOC), followed by multi-factor authentication checkpoints including biometric scanners (fingerprint/iris). Access to the data hall is via mantraps with weight sensors to prevent tailgating. All server cages are steel-mesh constructions, and every cabinet is individually locked. Full CCTV coverage with 90-day retention is standard.
Network Connectivity	Carrier-Neutral, BGP-Routed Network. Facilities are major network hubs with direct, low-latency cross-connects to hundreds of Tier 1 and Tier 2 carriers, cloud providers, and major Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) like DE-CIX and AMS-IX. Mikatsu utilizes a redundant, multi-homed network running Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) to ensure traffic is always routed through the most efficient and available path, providing resilience against carrier outages.
Global Scalability	Standardized Global Platform. Digital Realty's global footprint allows for rapid, standardized resource provisioning across all 15 metro locations. This enables Mikatsu to deploy customer assets in specific geographic regions to optimize for latency and comply with data sovereignty regulations like GDPR in Europe.
Compliance & Audits	Third-Party Audited Certifications. The facilities undergo regular, rigorous audits to maintain compliance with ISO/IEC 27001 (Information Security Management), SOC 2 Type II (Security, Availability, Confidentiality), PCI DSS Level 1 (Payment Card Industry), and HIPAA (Health Information), providing a verifiable foundation for hosting sensitive applications.

3.0 Global Network Topology & Data Center Locations

The network architecture is a globally distributed system across 15 strategic metropolitan areas, designed to minimize latency and provide geo-redundancy.

Region	Primary Metro Hub	Strategic Engineering Advantage
North America (4)	Ashburn, VA, USA Dallas, TX, USA Silicon Valley, CA, USA Toronto, ON, Canada	Located in "Data Center Alley," with direct peering to the world's largest concentration of fiber backbones (MAE-East). Central US location providing balanced, low-latency routes to both East and West coasts. Proximity to major tech HQs and Pacific-facing subsea cable landing stations. Key Canadian business hub with robust national and cross-border connectivity.
Europe (6)	Frankfurt, Germany Amsterdam, Netherlands London, UK Paris, France Madrid, Spain Stockholm, Sweden	Home to DE-CIX, the world's largest IXP by traffic volume, ensuring optimal peering across Europe. Another critical IXP hub (AMS-IX) with extensive global network reach. Premier financial hub with the highest density of transatlantic subsea cable connectivity. Strategic access point for Western European markets. Key gateway connecting Europe to North Africa and South America via subsea cables. Highly efficient and sustainable data center market serving the Nordic region.
Asia-Pacific (4)	Singapore Tokyo, Japan Sydney, Australia Hong Kong	The primary, low-latency network gateway for the entire Southeast Asian market. A major financial and technology hub with one of the most advanced network infrastructures in Asia. The main interconnection point for the Australian market. A strategic, low-latency gateway to mainland China and other Asian markets.
South America (1)	São Paulo, Brazil	The largest peering ecosystem in South America, serving the region's biggest economy.

4.0 Service Delivery: Software & Hardware Stack

The server stack is a standardized, high-performance configuration designed for a multi-tenant environment.

Component

Technology Implemented

Technical Purpose & Performance Impact

Operating System

CloudLinux OS

Implements kernel-level virtualization to create Lightweight Virtualized Environments (LVEs) for each tenant. The LVE Manager strictly enforces resource allocations (CPU, IOPS, memory, processes), preventing "noisy neighbor" scenarios. CageFS virtualizes the filesystem, completely isolating users and preventing information disclosure vulnerabilities.

Web Server

LiteSpeed Web Server (LSWS)

An event-driven, high-performance web server that significantly outperforms Apache in high-traffic scenarios. Its key feature is LSCache, a built-in, server-level page cache that serves pre-compiled pages directly from memory, bypassing PHP and database execution for An event-driven, high-performance web server that significantly outperforms Apache in high-traffic scenarios. Its key feature is LSCache, a built-in, server-level page cache that serves pre-compiled pages directly from memory, bypassing PHP and database execution for subsequent visits and dramatically reducing Time to First Byte (TTFB).

Control Panel

cPanel / Plesk / DirectAdmin

Industry-standard control panels providing a comprehensive GUI for tenant self-management. They also offer extensive APIs (cPanel & WHM API) which Mikatsu likely leverages for automated provisioning, billing integration, and service management.

Creation Platform

SitePad (Business License)

A static site generator with a drag-and-drop interface. This is a critical architectural choice. By generating static HTML, CSS, and JS files, it eliminates server-side code execution (e.g., PHP) for content delivery. This drastically reduces the server's attack surface, minimizes CPU/memory usage per visitor, and makes the output perfectly suited for distribution via a Content Delivery Network (CDN).

Network Security

Hardware Firewall + WAF

A stateful hardware firewall sits at the network edge for perimeter defense. In front of the web servers, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) (e.g., ModSecurity with OWASP Core Rule Set) performs deep packet inspection on HTTP/S traffic to block common application-layer attacks like SQL injection, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), and RFI.

Storage Subsystem

NVMe SSDs in RAID 10

Storage arrays are built with Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) SSDs, which connect via the PCIe bus, bypassing the SATA controller bottleneck. This provides superior IOPS and lower latency. A RAID 10 configuration is used to provide both data striping for performance and mirroring for redundancy, offering a robust balance for web hosting workloads.

The Mikatsu infrastructure is a well-architected, robust platform that leverages best-in-class partners and technologies. The strategic decision to build on Interxion/Digital Realty's physical infrastructure provides a world-class foundation of reliability and security. The software stack is intelligently designed for a shared hosting environment, with CloudLinux providing stability and LiteSpeed delivering performance.

The use of SitePad as a static site generator is the linchpin of their business model, enabling them to deliver secure, high-performance websites at scale with minimal operational overhead. The primary engineering trade-off is the inherent platform dependency of SitePad, which limits site portability. However, for their target market, this is offset by the significant benefits of a fully managed, high-performance service at an aggressive price point. From a systems engineering perspective, the architecture is sound, efficient, and highly optimized for its intended purpose.

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